Commodore's first attempt of making an Amiga-based game console (+ entertainment system, in this case). Releasing in March 1991 in it's various markets, the CDTV was a miserable failure: overpriced, undersupported, and badly marketed. Based off the Amiga 500 computer and coming with a Motorola 68k, upgradable 1MB of RAM, and 320×200 output with 4096 colors (or 640×200 with 16 colors), it's quite a miracle that Commodore managed to make a sort of followup to this.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_CDTV

This runs by default on the CDTV. In essence, if something works on an Amiga 500, the CDTV might be able to run it. Of course, it's probably not as simple as this…

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQ4gRTyR7BQ&t=980s

https://www.gregdonner.org/workbench/wb_cdtv.html

https://cloanto.com/amiga/roms/

on the CDTV, and while it is possible (with effort) to make 2.x and 3.x work

From the team's searching, this appears to be the only mention online of AmigaOS 2.x or 3.x on the CDTV. Experimentation could be warranted here.

https://www.hyperion-entertainment.com/index.php/frequently-asked-questions/55-amigaos-314/191-why-were-the-amiga-cdtv-and-the-amiga-cd32-left-out-of-this-amigaos-update

This device runs an operating system which is known to emulate various devices with EOPs. See the AmigaOS page.

Running on a variety of Amiga models, Minix can also run on the CDTV.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNKJD7fCa9E

[…]MMU requirement; it will not run on[…]CDTV[…]out of the box[…]must install a CPU board

With the installation of a CPU board to add an MMU, NetBSD can run on the CDTV. Of course, the CDTV at this point will be closer to an Amiga than it's stock state.

http://wiki.netbsd.org/ports/amiga/