Table of Contents
Computers
For computers, in all of their varying forms across all of the ages. Obviously, a large modicum of operating systems and CPU architectures will feature here. Many computers will be linked off to separate pages in the future, but for now, they live here.
486-based computers
Operating Systems (i486 series)
Damn Small Linux
The missing FPU on the 486SX makes a difference for multimedia streams! The 486SX took 3 minutes to decode half one second. The DX2, however, coped in real time.
A testament of the abilities DSL has on an old 486. The OS is surprisingly capable on such ancient hardware, complete with X, MP3 decoding, and web browsing. Such is the powers of DSL, which also features on Microsoft's Original Xbox.
Gentoo (circa 2017)
Given more time, I could have optimised the bootup time or installed a GUI.
A demonstration of Gentoo running on an astronomically old PC, and quite an interesting demonstration at that. This time, it’s a 486-based IBM PS/1 Consultant 2133 19c from 1993. It's capable of doing a bunch of basic tasks, like using Python, cloning a git repo, and playing music at an acceptable latency (as long as one doesn't run any other processes on the CPU). Maybe it can run X?
Acorn RISC series
Operating Systems (various ARM)
Emulation Nest
This device runs an operating system which is known to emulate various devices with EOPs. See the Acorn RISC OS page.
NetBSD
In 2001, the arm32 port was split into separate ports for the various supported hardware types
Ranked at Tier 2, and may be slightly slow on the release cycle. However, this available port supports a modicum of ARM-based RiscPC-compatible computers. It's NetBSD, so obviously a large variety of things can be done with this.
Amstrad CPC series
Operating Systems (Zilog Z80)
SymbOS
SymbOS is now fully network enabled and thanks to its multitasking environment multiple applications can open multiple connections at the same time.
A truly advanced marvel for the Amstrad CPC line of computers. Capable of doing a mind-blowing amount of things, including video and audio playback, multiple network connections, addressing 1TB+ hard drives, application and window multitasking, and more! You need to see it to believe it. Tremendous amounts of apps are available, too!
http://www.symbos.org/facts.htm
http://www.symbos.org/platform.htm
Contiki
Status: “runs slowly, does not look nice, and could probably be improved. But still worth a look”
The classic “portable” OS, available to run on Amstrad CPC systems. Unlike SymBOS, however, Contiki is a bit weak in comparison and doesn't run very well. It's worth including anyway, even though it's network functions are made redundant by SymbOS…
http://hitmen.c02.at/html/tools_contiki.html
https://github.com/adamdunkels/contiki-1.x/tree/master/contiki-cpc
Other
Amscraft
will be programatically generated with the user's modifications overlaid
A little “backport” of Minecraft, that apparently has a world the size of 65535 blocks. The fact that it has some modicum of world permanence is quite nice.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tglUQtZhWxc
http://www.indieretronews.com/2015/10/amscraft-minecraft-style-amstrad-cpc.html
Apple II series
Operating Systems (MOS 6502/WDC 65C816)
8bit-OS
64K version: Apple ][+ or IIe 128K version: Apple IIc or IIe with 64K RAM expansion
Seemingly originating on the Atari Lynx, this little OS that features on many different computers has also found itself on the Apple II computers. It features a web browsing capability, an app store, and more, with the developer possibly planning further additions.
Apple II DeskTop
Apple IIe, IIc, IIc Plus, IIgs, IIe Option Card for Mac
A program which originated in the 1990s, but has received quite a powerful revival in 2022 that continues to this day! Providing a large variety of graphical features, the Apple II DeskTop is reminiscent of the early versions of the classic Mac Systems, albeit with functionality that isn't exactly equivalent. Dependent on ProDOS, much of the Apple II DeskTop's programs are simply programs which had a graphical option when running under ProDOS. Despite this, the features it offers are useful to many, with there generally being a higher amount of programs compared to competitors in its field.
Contiki
with mouse support and more free memory for Contiki apps
The presiding internet browsing OS for old devices. Two versions are available: 40 and 80 column mode, of which 80 column requires at least an IIe. This 80 column enhanced version has received more development in the past years.
http://hitmen.c02.at/html/tools_contiki.html
https://github.com/contiki-os/contiki/tree/master/platform/apple2enh
https://github.com/adamdunkels/contiki-1.x/tree/master/contiki-apple2 (old sources)
GEOS
unlike the Apple II Desktop, GEOS is a complete operating system with applications.
The quite noteworthy GEOS received an Apple IIgs/IIe port at a point, serving it's purpose as a fully featured OS for these computers, programs included. Nowadays, all of it's files are available for free.
http://toastytech.com/guis/a2geos.html
https://guidebookgallery.org/screenshots/geosapple
https://mirrors.apple2.org.za/ftp.apple.asimov.net/images/masters/other_os/gui/geos/
GS/OS
for its Apple IIGS personal computer that uses the ProDOS file system
Similar to the Apple II DeskTop program, but officially developed by Apple themselves only for IIGS computers. In essence, it served as a sort of System 5 analogue for the IIGS, providing many similar functions and benefits. Many programs existed for this OS, including text editors and games. The “system 6.0.4” is an unofficial 2017 release, which the wiki is currently looking for online (the files aren't downloadable in the archive link).
http://toastytech.com/guis/gsos.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_GS/OS
https://www.macintoshrepository.org/2003-gs-os-for-apple-iigs (6.0.1)
Internet
8-Bit web
a mini web server running directly from your 8bit PC
Seemingly originating on the Atari Lynx, this little web server is capable of serving HTTP pages and images directly from this 8-bit computer. Is this in fact the future server for our wiki?
Other
Java (thru Java Grinder)
So Joe Davisson started extending Java Grinder to support the W65C816 as a CPU for with target platforms
With Mike Kohn's Java Grinder, it is now possible to run Java programs for the Apple IIgs. Of course, these programs need to be written specifically for the IIgs due to it's technical limitations.
Apple III
Operating Systems (Synertek 6502B)
SOS
in 1985, Steve Wozniak[…]called SOS “the finest operating system on any microcomputer ever”
The one and only OS for the Apple III computer. Despite being widely regarded as a failure, SOS was certainly a capable operating system, receiving the heralds of Steve Wozniak alongside a small but extant fan community in the present day. A smattering of programs exist for it, although everything is in a text mode.
https://apple.fandom.com/wiki/SOS
Apple Macintosh (68k) series
Operating Systems (Motorola 68xxx series)
Emulation Nest
This device runs an operating system which is known to emulate various devices with EOPs. See the Classic Mac OS page.
Mac OS X (thru Linux & PearPC)
I also got the mouse fully working in X by using GPM instead of native X driver
While extremely slow, it is technically possible to run any version of Mac OS X on the various 68k Macs. Presumably, the most “usable” combination is the newest and fastest 68k Mac with Linux (or BSD) support, which emulates the oldest and least needy version of Mac OS X. Experimentation is worthwhile here, as maybe a custom-tailored install image of OS X 10.0 or something could run on that sort of setup at a near-acceptable speed.
https://www.wired.com/2004/10/os-x-on-a-68k-c/
https://web.archive.org/web/20210801182005/https://iamscott.net/68kosx/ (newer attempt)
https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193039/http://mactalk.com.au/articles/68kpanther/
Minix
Launching MacBoot, you should be greeted with a login prompt. The root password is “Geheim”
This runs as a window within the Mac OS environment, rather than replacing the given OS. Still, it is interesting to see it as a capable secondary OS within OS. Many programs have been ported to it in the past, and the system requirements are unsurprisingly quite low. Fun fact: modern Intel processors also run Minix internally!
NetBSD
It should run on most Macintoshes with a 68040 or 68030 processor
A highly capable port of NetBSD to a very large array of Apple’s latter-day m68k-based computers. Highly documented and often used in modern EOPs for these systems. There's a lot of interesting programs for this, and a lot of interesting uses for these programs. Certainly it could be fleshed out more?
OpenBSD
Powerbook family. Hardware capabilities limit the usability of these systems
Unlike NetBSD, OpenBSD for the 68k Macs has been discontinued for quite a while, and it's primarily based off of the NetBSD port anyway. If you wished to use OpenBSD over NetBSD on your Mac, you certainly could…
Apple Macintosh (PowerPC) series
Operating Systems (PowerPC CPUs)
Copland (failed MacOS 8.0)
it was supposed to introduce true multitasking & protected memory
The notorious overhaul attempt of Classic MacOS that failed miserably, despite having these beta builds available and leaked. Runs only on certain classic Macs, and may be very hard to emulate using a conventional emulator for this era of Macs.
https://www.macintoshrepository.org/531-mac-os-8-0-copland-beta-builds-
Emulation Nest
This device runs an operating system which is known to emulate various devices with EOPs. See the Classic Mac OS page.
NetBSD
Models lacking Open Firmware[…]not supported[…]Currently, mkLinux is the only[…]support
Supports almost all PowerPC based Macintoshes, with the one exception being Macs released before August 7th, 1995. Those aforementioned early computers do not have OpenFirmware, which complicates installing NetBSD to the point of not yet being supported. Otherwise, if a Mac is PowerPC, it should be able to run this.
OpenBSD
Only “New World” machines are currently supported
Still supported as of the most recent OpenBSD. Like the NetBSD port, many computers of the Mac PPC series are able to run this port, with the same exclusion of non-OpenFirmware Macs.
ARC-compliant MIPS systems
Operating Systems (various MIPS)
NetBSD
This port originally started as NetBSD/pica port made by Per Fogelström, and supersedes it
Currently the most updated and recent OS for ARC MIPS systems. Not all ARC MIPS systems are supported, but the ones which are have been listed on the linked netbsd.org ports page.
OpenBSD
Eventually, it was decided to stop supporting it and remove the code from the tree.
A historical port, being one of the first ports to ARC MIPS systems. It was depreciated long ago, during the late 1990s. Online FTP files for this port aren’t available, but they can be found on OpenBSD DVDs and CDs of the time if you desire exploring this historical oddity.
AT&T 5620 (+related)
Operating Systems (M68k or Bellmac 32k)
AT&T Blit
Created using a Motorola microprocessor instead of a Bell one, the machine would be retooled
One of the first multitasking window-based Operating Systems which actually became commercially available at a somewhat accessible level. Much interesting history can be found within this OS’s development.
http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/retrocomputing/att/5620/5620_faq.html
https://techchannel.att.com/playvideo/2012/08/27/AT&T-Archives-BLIT-UNIX-GUI
https://www.osnews.com/story/26315/blit-a-multitasking-windowed-unix-gui-from-1982/
Atari 8-bit series
Operating Systems (MOS 6502B)
Atari8’s GUI (XL/XE ONLY)
8-bit Atari can actually run a pre-emptive scheduler[…]in spite of the 6502’s fixed stack
A relatively capable DGOS/GEOS style OS for the Atari 8-bit systems, specifically the XL and XE. Requires at least 128KB RAM, which means expanding the base XL/XE as they only have 64 by default.
BOSS-X
Meine englische Übersetzung mag vielleicht an einigen Stellen sehr zu wünschen übrig lassen
Probably the most powerful and longest-standing OS for the Atari 8-bits, including the XL and XE (I think). Can get online and run a bunch of different programs. Appears to be entirely in German on first glance, however… the quote is about the creator's belief that his English translation in the OS leaves a lot to be desired. This is much better than the OS having no English support at all, so no worries!
http://www.atarixle.de/ (click Downloads on the right bar)
Contiki
Currently it only supports the 850 serial interface
Able to run on all of the 8-bit series, seemingly. Capable of browsing the internet, which stands as the crowning achievement of this OS on the 8-bits. Cannot be emulated.
http://hitmen.c02.at/html/tools_contiki.html
https://www.atari8ethernet.com/Download.html (internet access tailored)
http://hitmen.c02.at/files/contiki/atari8bit/README.txt
https://atariage.com/forums/topic/241436-contiki-august-2015/ (old?)
https://github.com/contiki-os/contiki/tree/master/platform/atarixl
8bit-OS
8bit-OS is a new and exciting “App” oriented Operating System currently under development
Primarily focused on the Atari Lynx, this little OS has been ported to this device, alongside several others. It features a web browsing capability, an app store, and more.
Internet
8-Bit web
a mini web server running directly from your 8bit PC
Originating on the Atari Lynx, this little web server is capable of serving HTTP pages and images directly from this little 8-bit computer.
Atari Portfolio
Operating Systems (80C88)
Contiki
Due to the similarity of Portfolio and PC, parts of the code are used together
In essence, this is simultaneously the Windows/DOS port and the Atari Portfolio port together. Of course, the Portfolio port is a lot more interesting than the usual port, and it has clearly been altered primarily to accommodate the Portfolio.
Atari ST series
Operating Systems (Motorola 68k series)
Console emulation (potential)
Whether these emulators support operating systems for these consoles is unknown; it must be looked into further. Consoles without meaningful OSes are not included.
Sega Master System – SMSPlus Falcon
Contiki
Apparently just a demo that runs on top of TOS.
Debian Jessie (FALCON 030 ONLY!)
The informational page about this has been lost, but these people managed to get X and such running on the Falcon, using a version of Debian that’s running on a 2015 Linux kernel (in-date at the time). Note: this computer runs both a Motorola 68030 and a Motorola 56001. Some related links have been added below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0SJbXSJP8k
EmuTOS
avoids the use of the old, proprietary TOS as it is usually difficult to obtain.
This is a modern alternative to TOS which has been developed for many years. Currently, it is capable of running on all Atari hardware, plus some non-Atari computers. EmuTOS is widely regarded as a highly capable TOS alternative, albeit not without its flaws mostly in how it avoids implementing non-documented TOS APIs, resulting in the loss of some features. However, a modicum of new features are added with EmuTOS, such as IDE drive and FAT partition support.
https://emutos.sourceforge.io/
MagiC
a third party and now open-sourced multitasking-capable TOS-compatible operating system
A German-created alternative to TOS which is software-compatible. Despite having some downsides, MagiC is a capable performance-enhancing OS for ST computers that preserve the “TOS” functionality, similarly to EmuTOS.
MiNT + Graphical Environment
Unix-like kernel for Atari ST and compatible computers
A kernel which was created in an attempt to port GNU over to the ST systems. Nowadays, MiNT, known as FreeMiNT, is a powerful replacement for the stock TOS/GEM setup on ST systems, as it now comes with XaAES by default, providing a complete desktop + kernel experience.
NetBSD (Falcon, Hades, Milan, TT030)
Experimental support is available for the Milan
NetBSD is only supporting the later computers of the ST line, but nonetheless, they’re still supported.
TOS
Atari's TOS is usually run from ROM chips contained in the computer
The original operating system for the ST line of computers. Achieved many innovations and garnered a devoted fanbase. Nowadays, it has been essentially superseded by “EmuTOS”, which replicates the function and appearance of TOS in an open-source and easily portable fashion.
Be Inc. BeBox series
Operating Systems (PowerPC)
NetBSD
Current status is experimental
Only two BeBox devices were released, and both of them are supported by NetBSD. It appears that the support is comprehensive despite being experimental, for the most part.
Ben NanoNote
Operating Systems (XBurst JZ4720)
Linux, etc.
one of the few devices on the market running entirely on copyleft hardware
Very similar to the Zipit Z2 in how it functions, except it’s stock form is in it’s FOSS Linux state. Uses the same menu as the IZ2JFFS distribution on the Zipit Z2.
Castle Tech. Iyonix series
Operating Systems (various ARM)
NetBSD
Not much is said about this port, but it appears to have existed for quite a while.
CHIP-8 (+Super)
Other
Miscellaneous EOPs
use Octo to write games conforming to the aesthetic constraints of the Nokia 3310 cell phone
While CHIP-8 is not exactly a computer, it fits best in this category due to it’s function as a portable interpreted programming language. Several little “EOP” style programs exist for the language, and it’s “Super” counterpart.
https://github.com/kripod/chip8-roms/tree/master/programs
https://github.com/JohnEarnest/chip8Archive/tree/master/src/nokiatemplate
Chromebook series
Operating Systems (misc. x86)
Windows 3.11
Some Chromebooks have a legacy boot mode
While not all Chromebooks are able to do this, ones that are can run many different OSes. One of many said OSes is a DOS variant + Windows 3.11. YMMV, but people say MS-DOS 6.22 + Windows 3.11 works quite well for a new device.
Cobalt Qube/RaQ servers
Operating Systems (Various MIPS)
Debian, Gentoo, etc.
Oncoming Debian Sarge will officially support MIPS-based Qube and RaQ
Various distributions are supported on these 20+ year old MIPS servers. Kernel support goes up to at least 3.x, and maybe higher.
http://wiki.netbsd.org/ports/cobalt/ (netBSD)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt_RaQ
https://web.archive.org/web/20181003151135/https://www.linux-mips.org/wiki/Cobalt
Colour Maximite 2
Operating Systems (ARM Cortex-M7)
Linux (+DOOM)
To support booting Linux u-boot needs to be flashed to the internal flash
While this EOP does feature Linux as the system to get DOOM running, the primary focus is on DOOM itself playing. Of course, one doesn’t have to run DOOM when using this method that gets Linux onto this thing.
https://geoffg.net/maximite.html (CMM2 info)
Commodore 64
Operating Systems (MOS 6510/8500)
8bit-OS
8bit-OS is a new and exciting “App” oriented Operating System currently under development
Primarily focused on the Atari Lynx, this little OS has been ported to this device, alongside several others. It features a web browsing capability, an app store, and more.
ACE (128-64, 16?)
an alternative uni-tasking operating system for the C128 and C64 that provides a Unix-like cmd
One of the multiple Unix-like operating systems released for the Commodore 64. It claims to have a “stronger” set of Unix-like utilities, despite a lower standard of function considering it's status as an operating system.
https://www.lemon64.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=650937&sid=d0b112b4ccd359a5a14484c822c4ec51 (ACE16 here)
https://www.lyonlabs.org/commodore/onrequest/collections.html
http://www.zimmers.net/anonftp/pub/cbm/c128/os/ace/index.html
Asterix
I had a go at realizing it by making something that had a boot script
The least capable Unix-like operating system released for the Commodore 64, but it does in fact exist. Source code was lost for a while, but retrieved again at lyonlabs.
https://csdb.dk/release/?id=131487
https://www.lyonlabs.org/commodore/onrequest/collections.html
ChiCLI
Engage your Commodore 64 using a terminal or command line interface familiar to modern computers.
A somewhat new command line terminal/program of sorts for the C64. Takes cues from various more familiar OSes, like Linux.
CLiPS
Keep the spirit alive in the year 2001
Also requires SuperRAM and SuperCPU. Has a quite pretty GUI, while being capable of preemptive multitasking and running a variety of programs.
Contiki
runs on any standard unmodified and unexpanded Commodore 64
One of the presiding recent operating systems made for the Commodore 64, as it’s able to access and browse the internet quite effortlessly. The origination of the Contiki project. Can be emulated in VICE, and presumably other emulators if desired.
http://hitmen.c02.at/html/tools_contiki.html
https://github.com/contiki-os/contiki/tree/master/platform/c64
CP/M (requires CP/M Z80 cart)
the Z80 processor is underclocked to be compatible with the C64's memory bus
Not worthwhile as an OS of interest for the Commodore 64, but it does exist. Requires the Z80 expansion cartridge, and it lacks in software.
http://www.devili.iki.fi/Computers/Commodore/C64/CPM/
https://www.lyonlabs.org/commodore/onrequest/c64cpm.pdf
https://www.lyonlabs.org/commodore/onrequest/collections.html
DOS/65
not only between 6502 systems but with large parts of the world of CP/M systems
Somewhat of a clone of the CP/M port, DOS/65 has some file system overlap and potential application overlap. Does not require a clunky cartridge.
https://www.lyonlabs.org/commodore/onrequest/collections.html
GeckOS
preemptive multi-tasking, signals, semaphores, redirection, a standard library
Easily the most capable of the Unix-like operating systems made for the Commodore 64. Still in active development. Contains a webserver through the SLIP daemon (Serial Line Internet Protocol).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeckOS
https://github.com/fachat/GeckOS-V2
GEOS
At its peak, GEOS was the third-most-popular microcomputer operating system in the world
Likely the best operating system released for the Commodore 64. Highly advanced, capable of working with many addons, loaded with applications, and much more. Even has alternative desktops.
https://github.com/bluewaysw/geos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)
https://www.lyonlabs.org/commodore/onrequest/geos/index.html
LUnix
IPC (inter process communication) through pipes
An earlier Unix-like for the Commodore 64. Appears to have a lot of features, applications, and more that is detailed on the sourceforge.
WiNGS OS
Full Motion Video/Audio Movies for the Commodore64
Requires the SuperCPU and SuperRAM additions. Very feature-filled; it can even play videos. Many applications with more modern purposes are available.
Internet
8-Bit web
a mini web server running directly from your 8bit PC
Originating on the Atari Lynx, this little web server is capable of serving HTTP pages and images directly from this little 8-bit computer.
Other
Java (thru Java Grinder)
The 6502/6510 assembler / disassembler module and output generator in naken_asm and Java Grinder were done by Joe Davisson
Thru Mike Kohn's Java Grinder, it is possible to run Java programs on the Commodore 64! Of course, these programs need to be written specifically for the C64 due to it's technical limitations.
Commodore 128
Operating Systems (MOS 8502+Zilog Z80)
All Commodore 128 computers are highly compatible with Commodore 64 programs. This entry is for Commodore 128 “focused” EOPs, such as it’s Contiki port.
Contiki
runs in 80 column mode, but it is far from perfect
Despite presumably supporting the C64 version of Contiki, a C128 tailored version of the OS is also available. It's not in the best state according to the dedicated hitman page, but the GitHub has recent commits which may have fixed these problems.
http://hitmen.c02.at/html/tools_contiki.html
https://github.com/contiki-os/contiki/tree/master/platform/c128
Commodore Amiga series
Operating Systems (various m68k)
AmigaOS
Since the introduction of AmigaOS in 1985 there have been four major versions and several minor revisions
The presiding original OS for the Amiga computers, which has a very long and robust history behind it. Still existing today, AmigaOS was known for it's innovations which it brought to the OS market. Despite the existence of many alternatives, AmigaOS is still a very formidable system for the many different Amigas out there.
Emulation Nest
This device runs an operating system which is known to emulate various devices with EOPs. See the AmigaOS page.
Linux
The following Amigas have an acceptable processor built-in: A2500, A3000, A3000T, A4000/040
A wide variety of distributions feature a level of support for a variety of Amiga systems. Depending on the system, one may need to install a CPU board installed to get Linux working.
Minix
The Amiga version of Minix 1.5 runs on A500, A2000 and A3000 computers and is compatible with 68000, 68010, 68020 and 68030 CPUs
Known to run on several Amiga models, with some video proof. The extent of it's functionality and practicality is for the most part, not touched upon.
NetBSD
it will not run on A500, A600, A1000, A1200, A2000, A4000/EC030, CDTV or CD32 out of box
This port supports a large variety of the Amiga series. However, it requires MMU, which eliminates a certain set of Amiga computers if they do not have a CPU board installed. Such Amiga-based devices are listed above.
http://wiki.netbsd.org/ports/amiga/
http://wiki.netbsd.org/ports/amigappc/ (for PowerPC expansion boards!)
OpenBSD
The OpenBSD/amiga was initially derived from NetBSD/amiga in 1995
Discontinued long ago, but still capable of running on certain Amiga systems, of which some will need the CPU or “accelerator” card if you want to use OpenBSD.
Other
Java (thru Java Grinder
Mostly the demo just shows off different possibilities of what the API can do.
Thru Mike Kohn's Java Grinder, it is now possible to run Java programs on Amiga computers. Of course, these programs need to be specifically written for the Amiga due to it's hardware limitations.
Commodore PET series
Operating Systems (MOS 6502)
Contiki
A quite impressive port of Contiki to such an old computer. There's “no networking hardware” according to the hitmen page, but this may be different now, which could mean this computer could theoretically get on the internet in the present day. Some links of potential leads for this: https://forum.vcfed.org/index.php?threads/networking-your-pets.26568/ http://www.6502.org/users/andre/cbmhw/petnet/index.html
http://hitmen.c02.at/html/tools_contiki.html
https://github.com/adamdunkels/contiki-1.x/tree/master/contiki-pet
Commodore Plus/4
Operating Systems (MOS 7501/8501)
Contiki
Another quite impressive port of Contiki to such an old computer. There's “no networking hardware” according to the hitmen page, but this may be different now, which could mean this computer could also theoretically get on the internet in the present day. Potential lead for networking hardware: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=daoAllAv9qo
http://hitmen.c02.at/html/tools_contiki.html
https://github.com/adamdunkels/contiki-1.x/tree/master/contiki-plus4
Commodore VIC-20
Operating Systems (MOS 6502)
Contiki
the base system works, but there is no networking support yet.
A still impressive port, which implies the potential for networking. The problem here is that, unlike earlier systems, the networking support here is known to be not yet added, at least according to the hitmen page. Otherwise, it works fine.
http://hitmen.c02.at/html/tools_contiki.html
https://github.com/adamdunkels/contiki-1.x/tree/master/contiki-vic20
DECstation series
Operating Systems (various MIPS)
Linux (Debian, mostly)
The major Linux distribution that supports them is the Debian/mipsel port
Various models exist within this series of systems, and they are supported by Linux to varying degrees. Some models have better support than others.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DECstation
https://web.archive.org/web/20110709030753/http://www.linux-mips.org/wiki/DECstation
NetBSD (as pmax)
runs on a wide range of DECstation and DECsystem systems
Supports a large variety of the DECstation and DECsystem computers.
http://wiki.netbsd.org/ports/pmax/
DEC VAX series
Operating Systems
NetBSD
NetBSD/vax was the first free OS that ran on the VAX series of computers
A very large series of computers, with a very wide-spanning port of NetBSD. Some of the earliest VAX computers from 1977 are capable of running NetBSD. Quite impressive.
http://wiki.netbsd.org/ports/vax/
http://www.netbsd.org/docs/Hardware/Machines/DEC/vax/sections.html
Digital DNARD series
Operating Systems (StrongARM)
NetBSD
Upgrading the Shark's firmware can be somewhat frustrating[…]you may want (or need) to do it
Capable of supporting various systems and various firmwares for these systems.
Fujitsu FM Towns series
See FM Towns series.
Gumstix Verdex
Operating Systems (Marvell PXA270)
Linux 2.6 (+Doom)
Using Chocolate Doom and SDL 1.2
The primary focus of the linked media is the Doom port, but the little chip does depend on Linux to actually load it. Conceivably, more could be done with this underlying layer.
https://www.dropbox.com/s/mv2g8xt4sh2yvvk/DoomStix_ProjectFinal.tar?dl=0
HardKernel ODROID-XU4
Operating Systems (ARM-Cortex A7)
Linux 5.4 LTS, Ubuntu, Android, etc.
the board can run various flavors of Linux
The heading is just some of the OSes that can be easily installed on this. In essence, it’s basically a less… let's say less controversial Raspberry Pi in a lot of ways.
HP 9000’s 300/400 series
Operating Systems (various m68k)
NetBSD
try booting from a system with a framebuffer that is not supported[…]the screen will turn black
Many systems exist in this 9000 group, and the 300 and 400 series within are able to run NetBSD. Certain systems do not have framebuffer support. A vast amount of hardware-related support information has been documented.
OpenBSD
A native, unaccelerated X11R6 server is available for all supported frame buffers except the sti
Unlike the NetBSD port, this port was discontinued several years ago. However, it still does support a reasonable set of machines.
HP 9000’s 700 series
Operating Systems (various RISC)
NetBSD
(more may work, but additional models have not been tested yet)
A large arrangement of hardware is supported by this port, with seemingly near-complete ability to interface with whatever peripherals one may have installed in their HP.
OpenBSD
Currently, all the supported systems boot multi-user
Still supported in the 7.0 release. A large arrangement of hardware is supported, like the NetBSD port.
IBM NSS 1000 series
Operating Systems (PowerPC)
NetBSD
Not much is said about this, but it appears that a few computers of this series are supported.
IBM RS/6000 series
Operating Systems (PowerPC)
NetBSD
the first free Operating System to run on this class of machines
A few models are known to work for this port, and more are in need of testing.
Lichee Pi Nano
Operating Systems
Debian 10
A very lightweight port, considering this device has only 32MB RAM. It’s unsure what practical purpose could be served by this, yet it still exists.
https://old.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/nqzj0c/7_sd_cardsized_soc_running_debian_10/
Low-Spec Desk&Laptops (90s)
Operating Systems (x86)
BasicLinux 3.50
capable of browsing the web, doing email, and functioning as an X terminal
This is a more specifically tailored distro of Linux, meant for these old and low resource computers, primarily emphasized for laptops, but not necessarily limited to them. This is also capable of running X, Opera, and many other capable programs.
Linux kernel (2000 guide for laptops)
It simply describes a way of squeezing a large Linux into a very small space
A general install outline of Linux on very old laptops that’s not particularly tailored to any laptop. It does specify which laptops the guide was used for, but presumably many other laptops will work too.
Marvell *Plug series
Operating Systems (Marvell ARM chips)
Various
There’s just a lot of OSes available for these - even Plan 9 and Inferno. The team must look into these more…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SheevaPlug
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GuruPlug
Miles Gordon SAM Coupé
Operating Systems (Zilog Z80B)
These computers are “clones” of certain ZX Spectrum series computers. See Sinclair ZX Spectrum series.
MIPS Co. brand
Operating Systems (various MIPS)
NetBSD
The MIPS Magnum 3000 was a popular workstation that was re-badged by companies
MIPS co. created a popular brand of workstation that was often sold, rebadged, or cloned. A small amount of these workstations are supported by NetBSD.
MITS Altair 8800
Operating Systems (Intel 8080)
FINISH: DOS and CP/M with expansions
Motorola 68008 (a CPU)
Operating Systems (above)
uCLinux
so it normally requires at least two 8-bit RAM chips and two 8-bit ROM chips
This bare-bones setup requires using a 68008, due to the low amount of RAM chips. To use a normal 68000, one would need to add more chips. Can even be ran on a breadboard (coming soon to your digital logic intro course), but it’s a lot faster on an actual printed PCB. The creator doesn't seem to have released a schematic - frankly, this isn't surprising. It even has vi and a text game!
http://www.bigmessowires.com/2014/11/17/68-katy-68000-linux-on-a-solderless-breadboard/
Motorola MVME series
Operating Systems (various m68k/ppc)
NetBSD
These single board computers have a variety of models which are supported by NetBSD.
http://wiki.netbsd.org/ports/mvme68k/
http://wiki.netbsd.org/ports/mvmeppc/ (PPC successor boards!)
OpenBSD
Similar to NetBSD, these boards were supported in both their 68k and 88k variants. Support ceased in version 5.5.
MSX series
See MSXes.
NEC EWS4800 series
Operating Systems (various MIPS)
NetBSD
Supporting only a selection of models, the NetBSD port for these systems appears somewhat limited. Only 3 systems are tested and working, with others being either untested, or limited to serial.
NEC PC-6001 series
Operating Systems (Z80-compatible NEC)
Contiki
I have neither much information of PC-6001 BIOS nor real machine!
Contiki on the NEC PC-6001. The port seems quite rudimentary, and the biggest problem is that it seems to have not been tested on real hardware, only emulation. Maybe we could fix that, eventually…
http://hitmen.c02.at/html/tools_contiki.html
http://web.archive.org/web/20030402160602/http://www.markn.org/contiki/
NEC PC-9801 series
See NEC PC-9801 series.
NetWinder series
Operating Systems (StrongARM)
NetBSD
Very little is said about this, but it does exist.
NeXT brand
Operating Systems (various m68k)
NetBSD
There is experimental support for turbo NeXT machines
Various systems are supported, but one can only interface with them using peripherals that are not on ADB.
OMRON LUNA-68k series
Operating Systems (various m68k)
NetBSD
NetBSD/luna68k runs on the original LUNA and the successor LUNA-II
These devices are significantly more common than the Luna 88k series. Most hardware has support in this port, but a few specific ones are not compatible with NetBSD.
OMRON LUNA-88K series
Operating Systems (Motorola 88110)
OpenBSD
Kenji Aoyama wanted to run a modern operating system on his LUNA-88K2
Currently supported up to the most recent release, which is 7.0. Capable of running most of the computer’s devices. Also supports multi-user.
https://www.openbsd.org/luna88k.html
https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.0/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k
Oric brand
Operating Systems (MOS 6502/A)
8bit-OS
8bit-OS is a new and exciting “App” oriented Operating System currently under development
Primarily focused on the Atari Lynx, this little OS has been ported to this device, alongside several others. It features a web browsing capability, an app store, and more.
Contiki
No information available except 2 download links.
Internet
8-Bit web
a mini web server running directly from your 8bit PC
Originating on the Atari Lynx, this little web server is capable of serving HTTP pages and images directly from this little 8-bit computer.
PICO-8
Operating Systems (various)
Miscellaneous EOPs
No superfluous fluff here; only the written word.
Similar to the CHIP-8, this isn’t exactly computing, but it fits best here due to it’s status as a programming language and game engine. The links contain various EOP-esque programs available for this fantasy engine.
https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?tid=41855 (word processor)
https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?cat=7#sub=2&tag=tool (many misc tools)
https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?cat=7&sub=2#sub=2&tag=utility (many misc utilities)
PocketBeagle
Operating Systems (ARM Cortex M3)
Linux (circa 2018)
to build a minimal Linux system, with just a bootloader, Linux kernel and simple user-space
A PDF detailing the port of Linux for this system, and how to run it.
PReP-based systems
Operating Systems (various PowerPC)
NetBSD
It was more or less a failure in the marketplace, and very few actual PReP machines were built
Not many systems following this specification exist, but many of the ones which do exist are supported by NetBSD.
R3000A CPU based cores
Operating Systems (R3000A)
aoR3000
a MIPS R3000A compatible core capable of booting the Linux kernel version 3.16 in about 3 seconds and with a rating of 48.74 BogoMIPS. It features a compatible MMU, but no FPU.
a0R3000 is a custom Verilog-based CPU core compatible with the R3000A that can also boot Linux. PS1 port based off of this?
Raspberry Pi Zero
Operating Systems (Broadcom BCM2835)
postmarketOS
The vc4 module fails to load
For how lightweight and cheap this device’s specifications are meant to be, the fact that it can run a graphical postmarketOS is amazing. Display, WiFi, Xway, mainline, and Bluetooth all work. Of course, it needs a screen and more effective method of input, but the function is still quite excellent.
https://wiki.postmarketos.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi_Zero_(raspberry-pi0)
SHARP X68000 series
See SHARP X68000 series.
Silicon Graphics brand
Operating Systems (various MIPS)
NetBSD
To get the machine to boot up with a serial console, make sure the keyboard is unplugged
One of the first, if not the first FOSS OS to run on the SGI computers, such as the Indy and O2. Supports a large array of peripherals and systems, but not all of them.
Sinclair ZX Spectrum series
Operating Systems (Zilog Z80)
Doors
one of the longest projects on ZX-Spectrum - operational system Doors
A highly impressive OS for the ZX Spectrum line of computers. It mainly aimed to clone the general appearance of Windows, which it definitely succeeds at (without being a straight up copy). Some programs are bundled with it, although specifics about these programs aren't immediately apparent to our team. Nonetheless, Doors is almost certainly the most capable OS available for ZX Spectrum computers.
Sony NEWS series
Operating Systems (various m68k, MIPS)
NetBSD
Currently only single CPU models are supported by NetBSD/newsmips
Supporting both earlier 68k-based, and later MIPS-based NEWS workstations, the NetBSD port is somewhat mixed in compatibility, but does appear to support an acceptable amount of NEWS models.
http://wiki.netbsd.org/ports/news68k/
Sun Microsystems 2/ series
Operating Systems (various m68k)
NetBSD
from the early to mid 1980's
One of the earlier computing platforms to feature a NetBSD port. A few multibus systems are supported, but not VME systems.
Sun Microsystems 3/ series
Operating Systems (various m68k)
NetBSD
They were superseded by the sun4 SPARC RISC systems
Succeeding the sun2 port, the NetBSD port for this series of computers is quite concise and filled with supported models.
Sun Microsystems SPARC series
Operating Systems (various RISC)
NetBSD
NetBSD/sparc64 supports both 32-bit and 64-bit kernels.
A Tier 1 port that supports a wide variety of the UtlraSPARC systems, alongside their clones. Only a few systems are unsupported by NetBSD, and all but one are being actively worked on to include support.
http://wiki.netbsd.org/ports/sparc/ (32bit work!!)
TIC-80
Operating Systems (various)
Miscellaneous EOPs
Yet another “fantasy computer” with a large modicum of available EOPs and programs, which are linked below.
PC emulation (potential)
Whether these emulators support operating systems for these computers is unknown; it must be looked into further. PCs without meaningful OSes are not included.
CHIP-8 – CHIP-80
Tokio Techbook + others
Operating Systems (WonderMedia 8850 / Cortex-A9)
postmarketOS
Install PMOS to sd card. Start device with the sdcard in the internal card reader of the device.
Some sort of weird laptop thing that normally runs Android 4.0 or Windows CE 6.0. There are a large amount of other laptops on the VIA/WonderMedia 8850 chipset, which should all support postmarketOS relatively similarly.
https://wiki.postmarketos.org/wiki/Tokio_Techbook_(tokio-techbook)
Toshiba Libretto X0CT
Operating Systems (Pentium)
Apple Rhapsody (50CT)
put a copy of the disk image with my working Rhapsody install on Macintosh Garden
A completely functional running version of Apple’s only x86-based system from the 90s. Doesn’t support color.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWyUbN5tFYo
https://www.reddit.com/r/VintageApple/comments/ljbo52/i_made_a_teeny_tiny_hackintosh_with_apple/
https://macintoshgarden.org/apps/rhapsody-dr1-dr2-intel-x86-ppc
Gentoo (circa 2017, 70CT)
all the hardware I tried to configure works fine with modern GNU/Linux.
With a few tweaks, and using slightly older versions of Linux (not old at the time of this experiment), one can run a fully modern Gentoo on the 1997 Libretto 70CT, complete with very strong hardware support.
Toshiba T4900CT
Operating Systems (Pentium)
AOSC OS/Retro
With one of the earliest i586 processors and period-correct components
One of the many old devices that can run modern-ish Linux through AOSC’s retro branch. While the install is very minimalist, programs like systemd, neofetch, and other such modern cmd functions are perfectly workable, albeit a little slow.
https://imgur.com/gallery/UOs7skq
https://hackaday.com/2019/08/23/modern-linux-runs-on-ancient-toshiba/
Uzebox
Operating Systems (various)
Miscellaneous EOPs
Uze8 is Chip8/SuperChip emulator for the Uzebox
Yet another “fantasy console” style thing, listed in computing for its extraconsole status.